Oslo is the capital city of Norway, nestled between the Oslofjord and forested hills. It is one of Europe's fastest-growing cities and is known for its green spaces and museums, including the Viking Ship Museum, Munch Museum, and more. Since the Middle Ages, Oslo has been a significant city for Norway's maritime trade and cultural influence. The city is renowned for its blend of modern architecture and historical landmarks such as Akershus Fortress, the Royal Palace, the Nobel Peace Center, and more.

The Norwegian census is typically conducted every 10 years. According to the last census in 2020, Oslo had a population of 693,491, making it the most populous city in Norway. The city is notable for its diversity, with a significant percentage of the population coming from immigrant backgrounds. The most significant immigrant groups are from Poland, Pakistan, and Somalia. Oslo is also known for its religious diversity, with inhabitants identifying as Christians, Muslims, and Buddhists, among others. The official language is Norwegian, but a variety of other languages are spoken, reflecting the city's multicultural population. One of the city's unique features is its commitment to sustainable living. Oslo was named the European Green Capital in 2019 due to its efforts in reducing emissions and improving the urban environment.

Oslo, as a municipality, operates under a parliamentary system, and it is divided into boroughs that are partially autonomous. The city government of Oslo is the largest employer in the city, providing a range of services from health care to social services. The city council, known as Bystyret, is the city's legislative body, while the Governing Mayor of Oslo is the executive authority. The city council has 59 representatives, who are elected every four years.

Oslo is the economic powerhouse of Norway and has a diverse and robust economy. It is a global leader in industries such as shipping, maritime tech, and renewable energy. The city also has a strong startup scene, particularly in fintech and edtech. The GDP of Oslo constitutes about a quarter of the total GDP of Norway. The Port of Oslo is one of the largest cargo ports in the country, handling millions of tons of cargo annually.

Oslo is known for its commitment to sustainable infrastructure. The city has implemented various strategies for reducing emissions, including promoting electric vehicles and developing cycling infrastructure. The city's strategic plan, 'Oslo 2030', outlines the city's goals for becoming carbon neutral by 2030. The plan covers sectors from energy to transport and waste management. A significant focus is on improving public transportation and developing infrastructure for electric vehicles.